7 Benefits of Exercise on Mental Health

1. Neuroplasticity: Exercise promotes neuroplasticity, brain's ability to adapt and reorganize in response to experiences and environmental stimuli. Physical activity stimulates production of neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which supports growth and survival of nerve cells. 
2. Monoamine Regulation: Exercise modulates activities of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine which play key roles in mood regulation, stress response and emotional well being
3. Inflammatory Modulation: Regular exercise has anti-inflammatory effects on brain, reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing neuroninflammation
4. Oxidative Stress Reduction: Exercise attenuates oxidative stress (imbalance in production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences in brain). Physical activity regulates antioxidant enzymes and scavenges free radicals, protecting neurons from oxidative damage and preserving cognitive function
5. Blood Brain Barrier Integrity: BBB functions control permeability, prevents entry of harmful substances into brain, this may contribute to reduced neuroninflammation and improved mental health.
6. Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Physical activity enhances mitochondrial function and energy production, improving neuronal resilience to stressors and supporting optimal cognitive function and mental wellbeing. 
7. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Dynamics: Emerging evidence suggests that exercise may influence CSF dynamics, including production, circulation and absorption. Physical activity may promote CSF flow within the brain and spinal cord, facilitating the removal of metabolic waste products and neurotoxic substances which may contribute to improved mental health and stability